Innovative frameworks for assessing “tangible” and “intangible” impacts of events and conventions in emergent metropolitan venues: international comparative perspectives

Innovative frameworks for assessing “tangible” and “intangible” impacts of events and conventions in emergent metropolitan venues: international comparative perspectives

Leisure, Culture and Communication for Human Development

Fernando Bayón

Institute of Leisure Studies «Leisure and human development» https://socialesyhumanas.deusto.es/cs/Satellite/socialesyhumanas/en/leisure-studies?cambioidioma=si

Description of the different knowledge areas that the research proposal integrates :  SOCIAL SCIENCES. o Rationale: A critical reconstruction of the history of Cultural and Creative Industries is needed, in the light of their social and political contexts. Its starting point is the second post war period in the twentieth century, up to this day.  URBAN STUDIES o Rationale: The trans-disciplinary nature of this project allows that its results have impact in different disciplines. In Cultural Studies (and adjacent sciences such as Arts & Urban sociology), the impact of the results will be important, since it will facilitate a collaborative innovative methodology to the scientific community in order to analyze the transformation in the public space and social connections by effect of emerging productive models such as CCIs.  ECONOMY OF CULTURE o Rationale: The cultural and creative industries´ (CCIs) economic potential is widely recognized: in the EU they account for 3.3% of the GDP and employ 6.7 million people, accounting for 3% of total employment. Besides their direct contribution to jobs and growth of regions and cities, CCIs can stimulate other processes that go beyond economic development and are likely to generate innovation in sectors other than the cultural one.

• Social Sciences and Humanities (SOC)

Over the past decades, the growth of the convention and event industry has enhanced an awareness of its economic significance to local, state, and national economies. Accordingly, many industry and academic studies have introduced various methods for accurately assessing the direct and indirect economic impacts of conventions and special events. In terms of general events impacts, it is usual to consider economic, social (or socio-cultural) and environmental impacts as individual constructs. This is sometimes known as the triple bottom line (TBL) approach (Hede 2008). In some quarters, this has progressed to include climate change, and is known as the quadruple bottom line. For others, the fourth ‘pillar’ of the bottom line has been described variously as community, governance and policy. However, it is important to bear in mind that all impacts are interwoven and multidimensional in nature. In some ways it is arguably very difficult to compartmentalise impact research into one or other type of impact, be it economic, social or environmental. The TBL may even be considered a ‘false trichotomy’, where academics and policy makers artificially impose divisions in a single construct: sustainability. However, existing research in events generally, and in conferences and conventions particularly, has not tended to treat impacts as holistic, but rather has focused on the individual ‘pillars’ of the TBL.

1. AUTHORS: Fernando Bayón y Carmen Palmero TITLE: Bayón, F.; Palmero, C. (Coords.). (2018) Sociedad del ocio y políticas de la cultura. Una mirada interdisciplinar desde las ciencias humanas (pp. 9-16). Burgos: Universidad de Burgos Tipo de publicación: Otras publicaciones YEAR: 2018 ISBN: 978-84-16283-60-6 (edición impresa). ISBN: 978-84-16283-61-3 (e-book) 2. AUTHOR: José M. González García, Fernando Bayón y Carolina Meloni (editores) TÍTLE: Repensar la ciudad desde el ocio REFERENCE: Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, 2015. Documentos de Estudios de Ocio, núm. 51. 225 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-15772-97-2 3. AUTHOR: Fernando Bayón & Cristina ortega TÍTLE: Cultural mapping and urban regeneration: Analyzing emergent narratives about Bilbao JOURNAL: Duxbury, N.; Jeannotte. M. Sharon (eds.) en Culture and Local Governance. Ottawa: Centre on Governance of the Univesity of Ottawa (Canada) YEAR: 2015. 4.Judith Mair (2013), Conferences and Convention. A research Perspective. London: Routledge. 5.

Título: ADESTE+ Investigador/a principal: Fitzcarraldo Foundation (Project Leader) Miembros del grupo que participan: Fernando Bayon Entidad financiadora: European Commission Convocatoria: CREATIVE EUROPE programme + Lifelong Learning Programme Periodo de vigencia: 2018-2022 Observaciones: http://www.adesteproject.eu/about Title: CONNECT. CONNECTING AUDIENCES European Alliance for Education and Training in Audience Development Main Researcher: Macarena Cuenca, Fernando Bayón Entidad financiadora: Programa Erasmus +. Comisión Europea. KA2-Cooperation for innovation and the Exchange of good practices. Call: Programa Erasmus + Reference:575807-EPP-1-2016-1-ES-EPPKA2-KA Years: 2017-2019 Euros: 999.935 € Title: PUBLICUM. Públicos en transformación. Nuevas formas de la experiencia del espectador y sus interacciones con la gestión museística Main Researchers: Fernando Bayón y Jaime Cuenca Call: Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Proyecto Nacional I+D+I Subprogramme EXCELENCIA Referencia: (HAR2017-86103-P) Years: 2018-2021 Euros: 24.200 Título: CORNERS OF EUROPE Investigadora principal: Chris Torch (InterCult, Estocolmo) Miembros del grupo que participan: Fernando Bayón y Jaime Cuenca Entidad financiadora: Creative Europe. European Comission Convocatoria: Creative Europe Periodo de vigencia: enero 2015 – enero 2018 Subvención importe (en euros): 17.600 euros (para nuestra acción sobre un presupuesto total de 2,566,000 Euros)

 The trans-disciplinary nature of this project allows that its results have impact in different social disciplines. Mainly, in the economy of culture, when developing scientific evidences of post GDP indicators of spillover effects that help to measure intangible and indirect impacts of CCI´s at trans-regional basis. In Cultural Studies (and adjacent sciences, such as urban sociology), the impact of the results will be important, since it will facilitate a collaborative innovative methodology to the scientific community in order to analyze the transformation in the public space and social connections by effect of emerging productive models such as CCIs. In Leisure Studies the reception can be decisive since it will help to evidence new studies about the benefits of creative and cultural activities.

It will be decided together with the candidate according to his/her specific research situation, thesis proposal and the interdisciplinary aspects of the research project.

Conventions and events are emerging worldwide as a growing and vibrant sector of the tourism and leisure industries and are seen to have significant economic, socio-cultural, and political impacts on the destination area and host groups. While there are a number of scholars working on developing valid models to determine the economic impact of conventions and conferences on host communities, there are few studies published which focus on their social, cultural, and/or political impacts. The purpose of the PhD Thesis, therefore, shall be to determine the degree to which events attendance facilitates the augmentation of social capital by drawing upon the literature from various disciplines in order to conceptualize the synergy between conventions/events and social capital.

 The history of Europe and over sixty years of European integration have fostered the emergence of a strong cultural heritage at the local, regional, national and European level. The role of culture is essential to the perception and construction of unity and diversity on all levels. The research proposal will analyze in detail functions that Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs), with their tangible and intangible elements, may take on in dynamic societies. To our understanding, cultural heritage –as it is managed and preserved by CCIs- is crucial for the collective memories and sociability of groups, but also for the personal development of citizens, enabling them to find their place in society, and for making local communities resilient against actual political, social and economic crises. CCIs (including big Convention and meeting centres in emergent metropolitan areas) also serve as a source of inspiration for the development of people’s personalities and talents, delivers resources for innovation and the economic regeneration of cities and regions, raises, but also moderates social conflicts and gives an accepted framework for individual as well as for collective decisions.

It will be decided together with the candidate according to his/her specific research situation, thesis proposal and the interdisciplinary aspects of the research project.

There has usually been some degree of stakeholder participation in the development of indicators for assessing both tangible and untangible impacts of events and conventions. However, stakeholders (cultural managers, meeting industries, neighbours and entrepreneurs, etc.) have not been involved from the beginning -in the design and production- to the final phase – dissemination, evaluation and follow up- of the development of those indicators according to the socio/cultural value chain. There has been an advance that mirrors the development of cultural governance models. In the present case, the challenge consists of moving forward in citizen participation to go beyond traditional consultation towards a real community engagement from the beginning to the last phase in order to assure their own sustainability, taking advantage of ICTs. The PhD Candidate is suggested to select a vibrant case study in Bilbao: Euskalduna Jauregia Palacio Euskalduna, SA, a company founded on January 13, 1994. The legal form of Euskalduna Jauregia is a Public Limited Company with a single partner: Biscay Regional Council. In 2003 it was recognized as the Best Conference Center in the World. In 2012, its facilities were expanded to allocate a repertoire of professional, cultural and industrial events with greater functionality.

Industrial doctorate is not envisaged since the programme requires the researcher to be hired by the University of Deusto. However, if the participation of an industrial partner is regarded appropriate, it will be involved in the research and training of the PhD student since the beginning.

We find that spillover effects (SOEs) have a past history which leads to a very changeable view of what they are. The most recent ideas on SOEs have gradually included and enhanced their immaterial, indirect non-immediate nature. While the very concept of SOEs has become progressively subtle, all-embracing and complex, their recent history seems to refer mainly to the economic domain. This presents a double challenge, which this PhD Thesis aims to address. SOEs should enrich their past history, which mainly focused on the economic aspect, without denying it. This would help to identify them in other areas that are of vital importance when evaluating the impact of new cultural industries (the psychosocial, urban, civic-political dimensions). However, going beyond the economic horizon would not be enough in itself to make evaluation of the impact of Cultural and Creative Industries operational (including Conference Centers). This must go hand in hand with an equally enlarged time frame for our studies. SOEs call for longitudinal tools which take us beyond merely confirming impact at a certain time. We must raise our awareness of the fact that all valuable effects have their own life cycles. We will only be in a position to analyse SOEs and do justice to their diverse nature and wide scope by reconstructing these life cycles.

A new participatory method that combines quantitative and qualitative tools in an innovative way. The PhD Thesis methodology will triangulate quantitative and qualitative tools in an innovative way. Where is the novelty of this approach? It is to be found in the fact that all the instruments developed are integrated into a design that crosses the Participatory Action Research (PAR) and the Life Cycle Model (LCM). The specific research aims require that the methodological design integrate: a) multifactorial analysis of objective reality; b) the operational perspective of the various agents involved; c) development of participation and collaboration processes between the subjects and institutions involved; d) extension of transfer and co-responsibility policies. A battery of methodological tools should be developed to adequately address the scientific aims and social purpose of this project. Thus, the methodology to be developed introduces a key aspect: indicator sustainability. This methodological design not only encourages co-creation of CCI impact indicators in cities like Bilbao which are scientifically and socially more complex but also places their collaborative processes at the service of co-responsibility. This project is also addressing the need to develop tools to “care for and revise together” over time, those very indicators that we have reached agreement on through more open, social and democratic processes.

Deusto is committed to social justice and inclusion. It recognises gender equality as a key driver for sustainable development, inclusive growth and academic opportunity for women. Moreover, to seek real inclusion for people with specific support needs, the project will ensure equal rights and opportunities with respect to access to the programme and the acquisition of skills expected to achieve the PhD.